The Mother taking
Class in playground

Every Friday I shall read out to you a few verses of the Dhammapada, then we shall meditate on that text. This is to teach you mental control. If I think it necessary I shall give you an explanation. 

The Dhammapada begins with conjugate verses; here is the first one: 

Naturally, this concerns, the physical life, there is no question of the universe.

That is to say, ordinary hum an life, such as it is in the present world is ruled by the mind; therefore the most important thing is to control one's mind; so we shall follow a graded or "conjugate" discipline, to use the Dhammapada's statement, in order to develop and control our minds.

There are four movements which are usually consecutive, but which in the end may be simultaneous: to observe one's thoughts is the first, to watch over one's thoughts is the second, to control one's thoughts is the third and to master one's thoughts is the fourth. To observe, to watch over, to control, to master. All that to get rid of an evil mind, for we are told that the man who acts or speaks with an evil mind is followed by suffering as closely as the wheel follows the hoof of a bullock that ploughs or draws the cart.

This is our first meditation. 

30 August 1957
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This is the counterpart of what we read last time. The Dhammapada contrasts a purified mind with an evil mind. We have already said that there are four successive stages for the purification of the mind. A purified mind is naturally a mind that does not admit any wrong thoughts and we have seen that the complete mastery of thought, which is required to gain this result, is the last achievement in the four stages I have spoken of. The first is: to observe one's mind.

Do not believe that it is such an easy thing, for to observe your thoughts, you must first of all separate yourself from them. In the ordinary state, the ordinary man does not distinguish himself from his thoughts. He does not even know that he thinks. He thinks by habit. And if he is asked all of a sudden, "What are you thinking of?” he knows nothing about it. That is to say, ninety-five times out of a hundred he will answer, "I do not know”. There is a complete identification between the movement of thought and the consciousness of the being.

To observe the thought, the first movement then is to step back and look at it, to separate yourself from your thoughts so that the movement of the consciousness and that of thought may not be confused. Thus when we say that one must observe one's thoughts, do not believe that it is so simple; it is the first step. I suggest that this evening in our meditation we take up this first exercise which consists in standing back from one's thought and looking at it. 

6 September 1957 
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The Dhammapada tells us first of all that bad thoughts bring about suffering and good thoughts bring about happiness. Now it gives examples of what bad thoughts are and tells us how to avoid suffering. Here is the first example, I repeat- "He has insulted me, he has beaten me, he has humiliated me, he has robbed me"; and it adds: "Those who nourish thoughts such as these never appease -their hatred."

We have begun our mental discipline, basing ourselves on the successive stages of mental development and we have seen that this discipline consists of four consecutive movements, which we have described in this way, as you surely remember: to observe, to watch over, to control and to master; and in the course of the last lesson we have learnt - I hope - to separate ourselves from our thoughts so as to be able to observe them as an attentive spectator.

Today we have to learn how to watch over these thoughts. First you look at them and then you watch over them. Learn to look at them as an enlightened judge so that you may distinguish between the good and the bad, between thoughts that are useful and those that are harmful, between constructive thoughts that lead to victory and defeatist thoughts, which turn us away from it. It is this power of discernment that we must acquire now; that will be the subject of our meditation tonight.

As I have told you, the Dhammapada will give us examples, but examples are only examples. We must ourselves learn how to distinguish thoughts that are good from those that are not, and for that you must observe, as I have said, like an enlightened judge - that is to say, as impartially as possible; it is one of -the most indispensable conditions. 

13 September 1957 
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This is the counterpart of what we read the other day. But note that this concerns only thoughts that generate resentment. It is because rancour, along with jealousy, is one of the most widespread causes of human misery.

But how to avoid having rancour ? A large and the best means, but that is not within the reach of all. Controlling one’s thoughts may be of more general use.

Thought control is the third step of our mental discipline. Once the enlightened judge of our consciousness has distinguished between useful and harmful thoughts, the inner guard will come and allow to pass only approved thoughts, strictly refusing admission to all undesirable elements.

With a commanding gesture the guard will refuse entry bad thought and push it back as far as possible.

It is the movement of admission and refusal that we call thought-control and this will be the subject of our meditation tonight.  

20 September 1957
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Yet, there is one aspect of the problem which is less spoken of but which seems perhaps more urgent still if you want things to change in the world, something to which people give very little thought. 

If one considers the life and action and heart of men as they are, one would have every right to be surprised at all the hatred, contempt, or at best, the indifference which are returned for this immensity of Love which the divine Grace pours upon the world, for this immensity of Love which acts upon the world at every second to lead it towards the divine delight and which finds so poor a response in the human heart. But people have compassion only for the wicked, the deficient, the misshapen, for the unsuccessful ones and the failures - truly it is an encouragement to wickedness and failure.

If one thought a little more of this aspect of the problem, perhaps one would have less need to insist on the necessity of returning love for hatred, because if the human heart responded in all sincerity to the Love that is being poured into it with the spontaneous gratitude of a love which understands and appreciates, then things would, change quickly in the world. 

27 September 1957
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When you think you may die the next moment, immediately, automatically, there occurs in you a detachment from all material things; it is logical that from then on you think only of what does not depend upon this physical life and which is the only thing that will still belong to you once you have left this body, that is to say, the eternal existence. The Buddha did not use the word "Divine", but it is essentially the same thing.

To think that one might die, the next moment was formerly,

in the ancient initiations, a discipline that one had to follow for a certain time, for the reason I have just In mentioned and also in order to overcome all fear of death and accustom oneself to it. In that age and at that time when the Buddha spoke the Dhammapada, the possibility of an earthly immortality was never mentioned because this possibility belonged to such a far-off future that there would have been no point in speaking of it.

Today Sri Aurobindo tells is that this possibility is near at hand and that we have only to prepare for it. But the essential condition even to prepare for it is to completely abolish all fear of death.

You must neither dear it nor desire it.

Stand above it, in an absolute tranquility, neither fear it nor desire it.

4 October 1957
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In Buddhist literature, Mara represents the Sprit of Evil, all that is contrary or opposed to spiritual life; in certain cases he represents death – not so much physical death as death to truth, to the spiritual being.

Here it means that so long as one does not control one’s senses and desires, and concerns oneself with the external material satisfactions as the most important thing, once has not the will necessary to resist the attack of hostile forces and all that pulls us down and leads away from the spiritual reality.

The Dhammapada does not take its stand so much on the moral point of view; it is  not evil as men understand it with their blind justice and, their arbitrary sense of good and bad. Evil, a certain time, from the spiritual point of view, is truly that which leads us away from the goal, which sometimes even tears us away from the deepest purpose of our existence, from the truth of our being and prevents us from realizing it.

This is the way in which it should be understood.

11 October 1957 
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What the Dhammapada means when it speaks of faith is not at all the belief in a dogma or a religion it is not even faith in the teaching of the Master; it’s faith in one’s possibilities, the certitude, whatever the difficulties, whatever the obstacles, whatever the imperfections, even the negations in the being, one is born for the realisation and one will realise.

The will must never falter, the effort must be persevering and the faith unshakable. Then instead of spending years to realise what one has to realise, one can do it in a few months, sometimes in a few days and, if there is sufficient intensity, in a few hours. That is to say, you can take a position within yourself and no bad will that attacks the realisation will have any more power over you than the storm has over a rock.

After that, the way is no longer difficult; it becomes extraordinary interesting.

18 October 1957
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What Buddhism means by “impurities”, is chiefly egoism ignorance; because, from the Buddhist standpoint, the greatest of all taints is ignorance, not ignorance of external things, of the laws of Nature and of all that you learn at school, but the ignorance of the deepest truth of things, of the law of the being, of Dharma.

It is noteworthy that the two defects insisted upon here are lack of self-control and lack of loyalty. Loyalty means here sincerity, honesty; what dhammapada censures most severely is hypocrisy: to pretend that you want to live the spiritual life and not to do it, to pretend that you want to seek the truth and not to do it, to display the external signs of consecration to the divine life-here symbolised by the yellow robe-but within to be concerned only with oneself, one's selfishness and one’s own needs.

It is interesting to note that the insistence of the Dhammapada on self-control, for according to the Buddhist teaching, excess in all things is bad. The Buddha always insisted in the Middle Path. You must not be too much on one side nor too much on the other, exaggerate one thing or the other. You must have measure, balance in all things, the balance of moderation.’

Therefore the qualities that make you worthy of leading the spiritual life are to have an inner balance, a balance in your action, and to be moderate in everything, to be sincere, honest, loyal.

Balance, moderation, loyalty, honesty: this is the subject of our meditation.

8 November 1957
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I would not like you to take this text as a moral catechism. It certainly has a much deeper- and truer meaning, because in all truly spiritual teachings, morality as it is - mentally conceived is out of place.

So too the word "impurity". Pure, as it is understood morally, has not at, all the meaning it is, given in a truly spiritual teaching; and particularly from the Buddhist standpoint, purity is absence of ignorance; as I have already told you last time, and ignorance means ignoring the inner law, the truth of the being. And loyalty means not to take the illusion for the reality, the changing and fluctuating appearances for the inner and real permanence of the being.

We can say then that self-control and self-mastery, measure, absence of desire the search for the inner truth of the being and the law of its se -manifestation are very ! necessary preoccupations for those, who want to practice the, spiritual life.

To be true to oneself, to one's goal, not, to let oneself be moved by disorderly impulses, not to take the changing appearances for the Reality, these are the virtues that one must have in order to progress on the way of spirituality. 

15 November 1957
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A comment could be added; for, if one were satisfied with taking error for truth and truth for error, it should be logically very easy to make one's choice as soon as one found for some reason-or other or with some help, what is truly the truth and what is truly the error; one adopts the truth and rejects the errors. But unfortunately one loves one’s error; somewhere in the being these is unwillingness to recongnise what is true.

My experience is like this: whenever you sincerely want to know the truth, you do know it. There is always something to point out the error to you, to make you recognise the truth. And if you observe yourself attentively you find out that it is because your prefer error that you do not find the truth.

Even in small details, the very smallest-not to speak of big things of life, the big decisions that one has to take even in the smallest things, whenever the aspiration for the truth and the will to be true are wholly sincere, the indication always comes. And precisely, with the method of Buddhist discipline, if you follow up within yourself the causes of your way of being, one always find out that persistence in error comes form desire. It is because you have the preference, the desire to feel, to act, to think in a particular way, that you make the mistake. It is not simply because you do not know what is true. You do not know it precisely because you say in vague, general, imprecise way, “Oh I want the truth.” In fact, if you take a detail, each detail, and put your finger on it, you discover that you are playing the ostrich in order not to see. You out up something uncertain, something vague, a veil, in order not to see behind it.

Whenever there is sincerity, you find that the help, the guidance, the grace are always there to give you the answer and you are not mistaken for long. 
It is this sincerity in the aspiration for progress, in the will for truth, in the need to be truly pure - pure as it is understood to in the spiritual life -it is this sincerity, which is the key all progress. With it you know - and you can.

There is always, somewhere in the being, something which prefers to deceive itself, otherwise the light is there, always ready to guide, but you shut your eyes in order not to see it.

We saw last time that it is not sufficient to be able to distinguish what is right from what is wrong. At first sight this seems to be the most difficult point. It is quite obvious that if everyone had to find it out for himself, it would be a very long work; you can pass your whole life going through innumerable experiences, which little by little will enlighten you, as to what is right and what is not.

Therefore it is easier to rely on someone who has done the work before you and whom you have simply to: ask, "is this true? Is that false?" Evidently, that offers a great, advantage; but unfortunately it is not always sufficient; for, if you have the desire that things should be in a certain way and that what you prefer should be right, then you are not always ready to listen to good advice.

The last sentence, "for they pursue right, desires", which seems to be a commonplace, is perhaps the most difficult part of the problem.

In this book, in this teaching, there are short sentences that appear so simple. If you read without sufficient reflection, you tell yourself, "But it is self-evident, you recognise as true what is true and as false what is false, what does that mean then?” 

But first of all it is not so easy to distinguish what is true from what is not, then to recognise, that is to say to admit that a certain thing is true; and above all it is more difficult still perhaps to recognise that a certain thing is false.

In reality, in order to discern exactly what is false requires sincerity in the aspiration, such resolution in the will to be true that even this little phrase “to know the true to be true and the false to be false” ,means a very considerable realisation. And the conclusion, they attain the supreme goal” is a great promise.

There are teachings which say that one must have no desire at all; they are the ones that aim at a complete withdrawal from life in order to enter immobility of the spirit, the absence of all activity, all movement, all form, all external reality. To attain that one must have no desires at all, that is to say, one must completely leave behind all will for progress; progress itself becomes something unreal and external. But if in your conception of yoga you keep the idea of progress, and if you admit that the whole universe follows a progression, then that you have to do is to shift the objective of desire; instead of turning it towards things that are external, artificial, superficial and egoistical, you must join it as a force of realisation to the aspiration directed to the truth.

These few words, “they pursue right desires” are a proof that the teaching of the Buddha, in its essence, did not turn away from the realisation upon the earth, but only from what is false in conception of the world and in activities as they are carried on in the world. Thus when he teaches that one must escape from life, it is not to escape from a life that would be the statement of the truth but from the illusory life as it is ordinarily lived in the world.

Sri Aurobindo tells us that in order to reach the truth and to have the power of realising this truth you must join the spiritual consciousness to a progressive mental consciousness.

And these few words certainly prove that such was the original conception of the Buddhist teaching.  

   6 December 1957 
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There are innumerable small Buddhist sects of all kinds, in China, in Japan, in Burma, and each one follows its own methods; but the most widespread among them are those whose sole practice is to make the mind quiet.

They sit down for a few hours in the day and even at night and quite their mind. This is for them the key to all realisation – a quite mind that knows hoe to keep quite for hours together without roving. You must not believe however that it is a very easy to do, but they have no other object. They do not concentrate upon any thought, they do not try to understand better, to know more, nothing of the kind; for them the only way is to have a quite mind and sometimes they pass years and years of effort before they arrive at this result – to silence the mind, to keep it absolutely silent and still; for as it is said here in the Dhammapada, of the mind is unbalance, then this constant movement of ideas following one another, sometimes without any order, ideas that speculate on things, all that jostles about in the head, makes holes in the roof as were. So through these holes all undesirable movements enter into the consciousness, as water enter into a house with a leaky roof.

However that may be, I believe it is a practice to be recommended: to keep a certain time every day for trying to make the mind quite, even still. And it is undeniable face that the more mentally developed one is the quicker succeeds; and the more the mind is in a rudimentary state the more difficult it is.

Those who are at the bottom of the scale, who have never trained their minds, find it necessary to speak in order to think. It happens even that it is the sound of their voice, which enables them to associate ideas; if they do not express them, they do not think. 

 At a higher level there are those who still have to move words about in their heads in order to think, even though they do not utter them aloud. Those who truly begin to think are those who are able to think without words, that is to say, to be a in contact with the idea and express it through a wide variety of words and phrases. There are higher degrees-many higher degrees-but those who think without words truly begin to reach an intellectual state and for them it is much easier to make the mind quite, that is to say to stop the movement of the associating words that constantly move about like passers by in a public square, and to contemplate an idea in silence.

I emphasise this fact because there are quite a few people who, when mental silence has been transmitted to them by occult means, are immediately alarmed and afraid of losing their intelligence. Because they can no longer think, they fear they may become stupid! But to cease thinking is a much higher achievement than to be able to spin out thoughts endlessly and it demands a much greater development.

So from every point of view, and not only form the spiritual point of view, it is always very good to practice silence for a few minutes, at least twice a day, but it must be a true silence, not merely abstention from talking.

Now let us try to be completely silent for a few minutes.

(Meditation)

13 December 1957
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(It beings to rain.)That’s it. The mind of the sky must be out of balance.(Laughter)It is raining.

So I think the sky has no balance and it is better for you to go home.(It rains harder.)Well, there is nothing to be done!.

The balance is not being restored. You should all go home and meditate on the necessary of having a balanced mind. That’s all.

20 December 1957 
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It is quite evident that when you act in an ugly and mean way, naturally you are unhappy; but to be unhappy you are consciousness of the ugliness of your actions seems to me to be already a very advanced stage, for one needs to be very consciousness in order to be aware of the evil that one does, and to be conscious of the evil one does is already a first step towards not doing it any more.

Generally, people are altogether blind to the ugliness of their own actions. They do wrong through ignorance, through unconsciousness, through smallness, through that sort of doubling back on oneself which comes from unconsciousness and ignorance, that obscure instinct of self-preservation which makes one ready to sacrifice the whole world for the sake of one’s own well-being. And the smaller one is, the more natural appears the sacrifice offered to one’s smallness.

One must be very much higher on the scale to see that what ones does is ugly. One must already have at the core of oneself a kind of fore knowledge of what beauty, nobility, generosity are, to be able to suffer from the fact that one doesn’t carry them within oneself.

I think the Dhammapada speaks here of those who already know what is beautiful and noble and who do evil willfully, deliberately. For them life becomes terribly painful indeed. To do persistently what one knows should not be done, is at the cost of all peace, all possible tranquillity, all the well-being that one can have. He who lies is constantly uneasy in the fear that his lie may be discovered; he who has acted wrongly is in a constant anxiety at the idea that perhaps he will be punished; he who tries to deceive has no peace lest it should be found out that he deceives.

In reality, even for a purely egoistic reason, to do good, to be just, straight, honest is the best means to be quiet and peaceful, to reduce one's anxiety to a minimum. And if, besides, one could be disinterested, free, from personal motives and egoism, then it would be possible to become truly happy.

You carry with you, around, you, in you, the, atmosphere created by your actions, and if what you do is beautiful, good and harmonious, your atmosphere is beautiful, good and harmonious; an the other hand, if you live in a sordid selfishness, unscrupulous self-interest, ruthless, bad will, that is what you will breathe every moment of your life and that means misery, constant uneasiness; it means ugliness that despairs of, its own, ugliness.

And you must not believe that by leaving the body you will free yourself of this atmosphere, on the contrary, the body is kind of a veil of unconsciousness, which diminishes the intensity of the suffering. If you are without the protection of the body in the most material vital life, the suffering becomes much more acute and you no longer have the opportunity to change what is to be changed, to correct what is to be corrected, to open yourself to a higher, happier and more luminous life and consciousness.

You must make haste to do your work here, for it is here that you can truly do it.     

Expect nothing from death. Life is your salvation.

It is in life that you must transform yourself. it upon earth that you realise. It is in the body that you win the victory. 

27 December 1957
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It would almost seem from these texts that Buddhism accepts the idea of a hell and a heaven; but that is quite a superficial way of understanding; for, in a deeper sense, this was not the thought of the Buddha. The idea on which he always insisted is that you create, by your conduct and the state of your consciousness, the world in which You live. Everyone carries in himself the world in which he lives and in which he will continue to live even when he loses his body, because, according to the Buddha’s teaching, there is, so to say, no difference between life in the body and life outside the body.

psychological ranges, particular states, of you consciousness when you do wrong, that is to say, when you stray away from all that is beautiful, pure, happy and you live in ugliness and wickedness. Nothing is more disheartening than to live in an atmosphere of wickedness.

What the Dhammapada says here in an almost puerile way, is essentially true' Naturally, it does not refer to those who think, "Oh, how good I am, how nice I am!" and therefore feel happy. That is childishness. But when you are good, when, you are generous, noble, disinterested, kind, you create in you, around you, a particular atmosphere and this atmosphere is

a sort of luminous release. You breathe, you blossom like a flower in the sun; there is no painful recoil on yourself no bitterness, no revolt, no miseries spontaneously, naturally, the atmosphere becomes luminous and the

air you breathe is full of happiness. And this is the air that you breathe, in your body and out of your body, in the waking state and in the state of sleep, in life and in the passage beyond life, outside earthly life until your new life.

Every wrong action produces on the consciousness the effect, of a wind that withers, of a cold that freezes or of burning flames that consume.

Every good and kind deed brings light, restfulness, joy - the sunshine in which flowers bloom.

The thing has been so often said and repeated that it seems quite unnecessary to insist on the fact that a mite of practice is infinitely more precious than mountains of talk. Surely, all the energy that one spends in explaining a theory would be much better utilised in overcoming in oneself a weakness or defect.

Therefore to conform to the wisdom of this teaching, we shall consider the best means of rejecting all passion and ill-will and delusion.

The delusion consists in, taking-the appearance for the reality and transient things for the only thing worthy of pursuit, the everlasting Truth.

It is rather interesting to note that the Dhammapada clearly underlines that it is not enough to be free from the bonds of this world only, but of all the worlds.

For the true and zealous Buddhists tell you that ordinary religions captivate you by enticing yow with the glittering advantages that you will find after death in their Paradise, if you practice their principles. Buddhism, on the other hand as; neither hell nor heaven. It does not terrify you with eternal punishment nor does it tempt you with celestial felicities.

It is in the pure Truth that you will find your satisfaction and the reward of all your efforts. 

10 January 1958 
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